KREMLIN Banking Malware Hijacks Chrome and Edge to Steal Credentials and Session Tokens
A previously unknown Brazilian banking malware operation that distributes a toolkit known as KREMLIN has been revealed by cybersecurity researchers.
The activity is being monitored by Elastic Security Labs under the code REF9334. The threat actor has been active since at least May 2025 and has installed a malicious browser extension on Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge using lures that pose as twelve Brazilian banks.
Security experts Cyril François and Andrew Pease stated in a technical paper shared with The Hacker News that the KREMLIN malware ecosystem uses malicious browser extensions, custom C++ installers, and multi-stage JavaScript loaders to steal credentials, session tokens, and sensitive data.
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